Brussels, Belgium – In a move hailed by activists and human rights groups, Belgium has become the first European country to grant sex workers full labor rights under formal employment contracts—marking a historic shift in how sex work is viewed and regulated.

As of December 1, 2024, sex workers in Belgium now have access to the same employment protections as any other legally recognized profession. The new law guarantees access to health insurance, paid leave, maternity support and unemployment benefits. It also legally empowers workers to refuse clients, stop any act at any time and work without coercion.

“This is not just about sex work—it’s about labor rights, dignity, and recognizing people’s agency” said Karolien Grosemans, a member of Belgium’s federal parliament who supported the bill. “We cannot keep turning a blind eye to the realities of this industry and the people in it.”

The law also makes it illegal for third parties—such as brothel owners or escort agencies—to profit from sex work without offering clear labor protections. This provision aims to dismantle exploitative structures while encouraging transparent and safe working environments.

While the legislation has drawn praise from human rights organizations like Amnesty International, not everyone is on board. Some conservative lawmakers have voiced concerns that formalizing sex work could normalize what they view as an inherently exploitative trade. However, proponents argue that criminalization and moral posturing have done little to protect the most vulnerable.

“This law doesn’t mean everyone has to approve of sex work” said Elise, a Brussels-based escort who has been active in advocacy groups for over a decade. “It just means we don’t have to live in fear while doing it.”

Belgium’s approach stands in stark contrast to neighboring countries like France, where purchasing sex is criminalized, and the Netherlands, where sex work is legal but often precarious due to inconsistent enforcement and regulation.

Now, many eyes are on Belgium as a potential model for other nations grappling with how to regulate sex work without endangering those in it.

“This is a step forward not just for sex workers, but for labor rights as a whole” said Dr. Isabelle Verniers, a labor sociologist at the University of Ghent. “It challenges us to think about whose work we value—and who gets left behind when we don’t.”

As the new system rolls out, Belgium is preparing a national awareness campaign and a support network to help both workers and employers transition. Advocates hope it won’t just change lives—but start a conversation that’s long overdue.